ECMAScript 5 (2009) přidal do JavaScriptu mnoho nových objektových metod.
// Create object with an existing object as prototype
Object.create()
// Adding or changing an object property
Object.defineProperty(object, property, descriptor)
// Adding or changing object properties
Object.defineProperties(object, descriptors)
// Accessing Properties
Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, property)
// Returns all properties as an array
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(object)
// Accessing the prototype
Object.getPrototypeOf(object)
// Returns enumerable properties as an array
Object.keys(object)
// Prevents adding properties to an object
Object.preventExtensions(object)
// Returns true if properties can be added to an object
Object.isExtensible(object)
// Prevents changes of object properties (not values)
Object.seal(object)
// Returns true if object is sealed
Object.isSealed(object)
// Prevents any changes to an object
Object.freeze(object)
// Returns true if object is frozen
Object.isFrozen(object)
Object.defineProperty(object, property, {value : value})
Tento příklad změní hodnotu vlastnosti:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName : "Doe",
language : "EN"
};
// Change a property
Object.defineProperty(person, "language",
{value : "NO"});
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object.defineProperty()</h2>
<p>This example changes a property value.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "EN"
};
// Change a property
Object.defineProperty(person, "language", {value:"NO"})
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
</script>
</body>
</html>
ES5 umožňuje změnit následující metadata vlastností:
writable : true // Property value can be changed
enumerable : true // Property can be enumerated
configurable : true // Property can be reconfigured
writable : false // Property value can not be changed
enumerable : false // Property can be not enumerated
configurable : false // Property can be not reconfigured
ES5 umožňuje měnit getry a nastavovače:
// Defining a getter
get: function() { return language }
// Defining a setter
set: function(value) { language = value }
V tomto příkladu je jazyk pouze pro čtení:
Object.defineProperty(person, "language", {writable:false});
Tento příklad způsobuje, že jazyk není vyčíslitelný:
Object.defineProperty(person, "language", {enumerable:false});
Tento příklad uvádí všechny vlastnosti objektu:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName : "Doe",
language : "EN"
};
Object.defineProperty(person, "language", {enumerable:false});
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(person); // Returns an array of
properties
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object.getOwnPropertyNames()</h2>
<p>This example list the properties of an object.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "EN"
}
// Change Property
Object.defineProperty(person, "language", {enumerable:false});
// Display Properties
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(person);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Tento příklad uvádí pouze vyčíslitelné vlastnosti objektu:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName : "Doe",
language : "EN"
};
Object.defineProperty(person, "language", {enumerable:false});
Object.keys(person); // Returns an array
of enumerable
properties
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object.keys()</h2>
<p>This example list the enumerable properties of an object.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "EN"
}
// Change Property
Object.defineProperty(person, "language", {enumerable:false});
// Display Properties
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Object.keys(person);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Tento příklad přidá do objektu novou vlastnost:
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName :
"Doe",
language : "EN"
};
// Add a property
Object.defineProperty(person, "year",
{value:"2008"});
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object.defineProperty()</h2>
<p>This example adds a new property to an object.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "EN"
};
// Add a property
Object.defineProperty(person, "year", {value:"2008"})
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.year;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Metodu Object.defineProperty()
lze také použít k přidání getterů a Setři:
//Create an object
const person = {firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe"};
// Define a getter
Object.defineProperty(person, "fullName", {
get:
function () {return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;}
});
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object.defineProperty()</h2>
<p>This example uses the defineProperty() method to add a getter and a setter.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe"};
// Define a getter
Object.defineProperty(person, "fullName", {
get: function () {return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;}
});
// Display full name
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName;
</script>
</body>
</html>
// Define object
const obj = {counter:0};
// Define setters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
get : function () {this.counter++;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
get : function () {this.counter--;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
set : function (i) {this.counter -= i;}
});
// Play with the counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Perfect for creating counters:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Define an object
const obj = {counter:0};
// Define Setters and Getters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
get : function () {this.counter++;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
get : function () {this.counter--;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
set : function (value) {this.counter -= value;}
});
// Play with counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = obj.counter;
</script>
</body>
</html>