ECMAScript 5 (ES5 2009) představil Getter a Setters.
Gettery a settery umožňují definovat objektové přístupové objekty (Computed Vlastnosti).
Tento příklad používá vlastnost lang
k získání
hodnotu vlastnosti language
.
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set object properties via methods.</p>
<p>This example uses a lang property to get the value of the language property:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Tento příklad používá vlastnost lang
k nastavení
hodnotu vlastnosti language
.
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "",
set lang(lang) {
this.language = lang;
}
};
// Set an object
property using a setter:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set properties via methods.</p>
<p>This example uses a lang property to set the value of the language property.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "NO",
set lang(value) {
this.language = value;
}
};
// Set a property using set:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Jaké jsou rozdíly mezi těmito dvěma příklady?
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " +
this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a method:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName();
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object Methods</h2>
<p>Object data can be accessed using property stored as a function.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a method:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName();
</script>
</body>
</html>
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
get fullName() {
return this.firstName + " " +
this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName;
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Object Methods</h2>
<p>Object data can be accessed using a getter.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
get fullName() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Příklad 1 přístup k fullName jako k funkci: person.fullName().
Příklad 2 zpřístupněte fullName jako vlastnost: person.fullName.
Druhý příklad poskytuje jednodušší syntaxi.
JavaScript může zajistit lepší kvalitu dat při použití getterů a setterů.
Použití vlastnosti lang
v tomto příkladu vrátí hodnotu vlastnosti language
velkými písmeny:
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set properties via methods.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "en",
get lang() {
return this.language.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Display data from the object using a getter:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.lang;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Použití vlastnosti lang
v tomto příkladu ukládá velká písmena hodnota ve vlastnosti language
:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "",
set lang(lang) {
this.language = lang.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Set an object
property using a setter:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Getters and setters allow you to get and set properties via methods.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
language: "",
set lang(lang) {
this.language = lang.toUpperCase();
}
};
// Set a property using set:
person.lang = "en";
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.language;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Poskytuje jednodušší syntaxi
Umožňuje stejnou syntaxi vlastností a metod
Může zajistit lepší kvalitu dat
Je užitečné dělat věci v zákulisí
Metodu Object.defineProperty()
lze také použít k přidání getterů a Setři:
// Define object
const obj = {counter : 0};
// Define setters and getters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
get : function () {this.counter++;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
get : function () {this.counter--;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
set : function (value) {this.counter -= value;}
});
// Play with the counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Getters and Setters</h2>
<p>Perfect for creating counters:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Define an object
const obj = {counter : 0};
// Define Setters and Getters
Object.defineProperty(obj, "reset", {
get : function () {this.counter = 0;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "increment", {
get : function () {this.counter++;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "decrement", {
get : function () {this.counter--;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "add", {
set : function (value) {this.counter += value;}
});
Object.defineProperty(obj, "subtract", {
set : function (value) {this.counter -= value;}
});
// Play with counter:
obj.reset;
obj.add = 5;
obj.subtract = 1;
obj.increment;
obj.decrement;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = obj.counter;
</script>
</body>
</html>