Vodorovný navigační panel lze vytvořit dvěma způsoby. Pomocí vložené nebo plovoucí položky seznamu.
Jedním ze způsobů, jak vytvořit vodorovný navigační panel, je zadat prvky <li> jako vložený, navíc ke „standardnímu“ kódu z předchozí stránky:
li
{
display: inline;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
li {
display: inline;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Vysvětlený příklad:
display: inline;
- Ve výchozím nastavení jsou prvky <li> blokové prvky. Zde odstraníme zalomení řádků před a za každou položkou seznamu, abychom je zobrazili na jednom řádku
Dalším způsobem, jak vytvořit vodorovnou navigační lištu, je plovoucí <li> prvky a určete rozvržení pro navigační odkazy:
li
{
float: left;
}
a
{
display: block;
padding: 8px;
background-color:
#dddddd;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
padding: 8px;
background-color: #dddddd;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
<p><b>Note:</b> If a !DOCTYPE is not specified, floating items can produce unexpected results.</p>
<p>A background color is added to the links to show the link area. The whole link area is clickable, not just the text.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> overflow:hidden is added to the ul element to prevent li elements from going outside of the list.</p>
</body>
</html>
Vysvětlený příklad:
float: left;
- Použijte float k tomu, aby prvky bloku plavaly vedle sebe
display: block;
- Umožňuje nám zadat výplň (a výšku, šířku, okraje atd., pokud chcete)
padding: 8px;
- Určete nějaké vycpávky mezi každým prvkem <a>, aby vypadaly dobře
background-color: #dddddd;
- Ke každému prvku <a> přidejte šedou barvu pozadí
Tip: Pokud chcete, přidejte barvu pozadí do <ul> namísto každého prvku <a> barva pozadí v plné šířce:
ul
{
background-color: #dddddd;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #dddddd;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
padding: 8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A background color is added to the list instead of each link to create a full-width background color.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> overflow:hidden is added to the ul element to prevent li elements from going outside of the list.</p>
</body>
</html>
Vytvořte základní vodorovný navigační panel s tmavou barvou pozadí a změňte barvu pozadí odkazů, když na ně uživatel přejede myší:
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow:
hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
/* Change the link color to #111 (black) on hover */
li a:hover {
background-color:
#111;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover {
background-color: #111;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Přidejte k aktuálnímu odkazu „aktivní“ třídu, aby uživatel věděl, na které stránce se nachází:
.active {
background-color: #04AA6D;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover:not(.active) {
background-color: #111;
}
.active {
background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Odkazy zarovnejte doprava tak, že položky seznamu přemístíte doprava (float:right;
):
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li style="float:right"><a
class="active" href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover:not(.active) {
background-color: #111;
}
.active {
background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li style="float:right"><a class="active" href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Přidáním vlastnosti border-right
do <li> vytvoříte oddělovače odkazů:
/* Add a gray right border to all list items, except the last item
(last-child) */
li {
border-right: 1px solid #bbb;
}
li:last-child {
border-right: none;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
li {
float: left;
border-right:1px solid #bbb;
}
li:last-child {
border-right: none;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover:not(.active) {
background-color: #111;
}
.active {
background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li style="float:right"><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Zajistěte, aby navigační panel zůstal v horní nebo dolní části stránky, i když uživatel stránku posouvá:
ul {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {margin:0;}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover:not(.active) {
background-color: #111;
}
.active {
background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
<div style="padding:20px;margin-top:30px;background-color:#1abc9c;height:1500px;">
<h1>Fixed Top Navigation Bar</h1>
<h2>Scroll this page to see the effect</h2>
<h2>The navigation bar will stay at the top of the page while scrolling</h2>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
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<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
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<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
ul {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {margin:0;}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover:not(.active) {
background-color: #111;
}
.active {
background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
<div style="padding:20px;background-color:#1abc9c;height:1500px;">
<h1>Fixed Bottom Navigation Bar</h1>
<h2>Scroll this page to see the effect</h2>
<h2>The navigation bar will stay at the bottom of the page while scrolling</h2>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
<p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Poznámka: Pevná poloha nemusí na mobilních zařízeních správně fungovat.
Příklad šedého vodorovného navigačního panelu s tenkým šedým okrajem:
ul {
border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;
background-color: #f3f3f3;
}
li a {
color:
#666;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;
background-color: #f3f3f3;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: #666;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover:not(.active) {
background-color: #ddd;
}
li a.active {
color: white;
background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Přidáním position: sticky;
do <ul> vytvoříte pevnou navigační lištu.
Lepivý prvek přepíná mezi relativním a pevným v závislosti na poloze posouvání. Je umístěn relativně, dokud není ve výřezu splněna daná pozice offsetu - pak se „přilepí“ na místo (jako position:fixed).
ul {
position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */
position: sticky;
top: 0;
}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
font-size: 28px;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */
position: sticky;
top: 0;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover {
background-color: #111;
}
.active {
background-color: #4CAF50;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h2>Scroll Down</h2>
<p>Scroll down to see the sticky effect.</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Sticky Navigation Bar Example</h3>
<p>The navbar will <strong>stick</strong> to the top when you reach its scroll position.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Internet Explorer do not support sticky positioning and Safari requires a -webkit- prefix.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
</body>
</html>
Poznámka: Internet Explorer nepodporuje pevné umístění. Safari vyžaduje -webkit- prefix (viz příklad výše). Musíte také zadat alespoň jeden z top
, vpravo
, dole
nebo vlevo
pro lepivé umístění do práce.
Jak používat dotazy na média CSS k vytvoření responzivní horní navigace.
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {margin: 0;}
ul.topnav {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #333;
}
ul.topnav li {float: left;}
ul.topnav li a {
display: block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
ul.topnav li a:hover:not(.active) {background-color: #111;}
ul.topnav li a.active {background-color: #04AA6D;}
ul.topnav li.right {float: right;}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
ul.topnav li.right,
ul.topnav li {float: none;}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul class="topnav">
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li class="right"><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
<div style="padding:0 16px;">
<h2>Responsive Topnav Example</h2>
<p>This example use media queries to stack the topnav vertically when the screen size is 600px or less.</p>
<p>You will learn more about media queries and responsive web design later in our CSS Tutorial.</p>
<h4>Resize the browser window to see the effect.</h4>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Jak používat dotazy na média CSS k vytvoření responzivní boční navigace.
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {margin: 0;}
ul.sidenav {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
width: 25%;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
position: fixed;
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
}
ul.sidenav li a {
display: block;
color: #000;
padding: 8px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
ul.sidenav li a.active {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
}
ul.sidenav li a:hover:not(.active) {
background-color: #555;
color: white;
}
div.content {
margin-left: 25%;
padding: 1px 16px;
height: 1000px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 900px) {
ul.sidenav {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
position: relative;
}
ul.sidenav li a {
float: left;
padding: 15px;
}
div.content {margin-left: 0;}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
ul.sidenav li a {
text-align: center;
float: none;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul class="sidenav">
<li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="content">
<h2>Responsive Sidenav Example</h2>
<p>This example use media queries to transform the sidenav to a top navigation bar when the screen size is 900px or less.</p>
<p>We have also added a media query for screens that are 400px or less, which will vertically stack and center the navigation links.</p>
<p>You will learn more about media queries and responsive web design later in our CSS Tutorial.</p>
<h3>Resize the browser window to see the effect.</h3>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Jak přidat rozbalovací nabídku do navigační lišty.
Zkuste to sami →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color:white;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #38444d;
}
li {
float: left;
}
li a, .dropbtn {
display: inline-block;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding: 14px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
}
li a:hover, .dropdown:hover .dropbtn {
background-color: red;
}
li.dropdown {
display: inline-block;
}
.dropdown-content {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
min-width: 160px;
box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
z-index: 1;
}
.dropdown-content a {
color: black;
padding: 12px 16px;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
text-align: left;
}
.dropdown-content a:hover {background-color: #f1f1f1;}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
display: block;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="dropbtn">Dropdown</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="#">Link 1</a>
<a href="#">Link 2</a>
<a href="#">Link 3</a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Dropdown Menu inside a Navigation Bar</h3>
<p>Hover over the "Dropdown" link to see the dropdown menu.</p>
</body>
</html>